Saturday, December 8, 2007

Is penal atonement cosmic child abuse?

Penal substitution is viewed by many today as purporting a violent view of the atonement.Therefore it is also viewed as being detrimental to our perception of the character of God. There are those who would prefer to discard the penal substitution view of atonement and exchange it with a softer more winsome view. I would like to defend the penal substitution model as being the heart and center of biblical atonement. Therefore this model of atonement is the only way that God could rescue sinners and uphold his justice simultaneously. Here is what some are saying about the penal substitution view,

Weaver says,
“To then say that God the Father killed Jesus in order to pay the debt, and that the killing of Jesus is a model of divine child abuse may be a provocative image—but it flows from the logic of satisfaction atonement itself (….) Make no mistake about it. Satisfaction atonement in any form depends on divinely sanctioned violence that follows from the assumption that doing justice means punishment” The Nonviolent Atonement(202-203).

Green and Baker declare,
“Whatever meaning atonement might have, it would be a grave error to imagine that it focused on assuaging God’s anger or winning God’s merciful attention. [….] The Scriptures as a whole provide no ground for a portrait of an angry God needing to be appeased in atoning sacrifice” Recovering The Scandal Of The Cross: Atonement in
New Testament & Contemporary Contents (51).

I found within my reading that the authors who have a distaste for penal substitution, also had a desire to protect God from the accusation that God is actively punishes sin. For God to do so would make God out, not to be holy in their view, but a perpetrator of violence. It is purported by some that for God to be actively involved in punishing people is to open God up to the accusation of not practicing what God preaches, for instance turn the other cheek, (Sermon on the Mount). I do not see God’s active judgment upon sin as condoning violence in humanity, as the authors mentioned above do. God is the only one who is given the ultimate authority to judge, or has the right to take vengeance. The scripture asserts that God does not condone humanities violent acts. When God is angry at sin it will always be righteous anger and God’s judgment will be just and perfect. This is unlike human anger that is always unholy and tainted by prejudices. God never throws cosmic temper tantrums but all his attributes are in harmony with each other (like love & purity). God’s anger and judgment is always just and holy, unlike people who lose control and respond unjustly and without good sense.
God’s laws reflect the very character of who God is, what God loves what God hates they are a reflection of the nature of God. God’s law and the consequences for breaking the law are seen by many as something outside of God control, and are viewed as just the natural consequences due sin ( like gravity for instance). The law of God and the outpouring of God’ righteous wrath upon law breakers is an outward manifestation of the inward nature of God’s love for purity and good. To do away with God’s righteous anger and punishment of sin is to do away with God’s all consuming love for purity, justice, and holiness. God is a person with likes and dislikes not an impersonal force Therefore the very opposite reaction of one who loves righteousness will be to abhor evil and to be angered by it. Packer says,

“Would a God who did not react adversely to evil in this world be morally perfect? Surly not! But it is precisely this adverse reaction to evil, which is a necessary part of moral perfection, which the Bible has in view when it speaks of God’s wrath” Knowing God (151).

God the Eternal Son in His great mercy willingly came to earth on a rescue mission through the womb of a woman to seek and save that which was lost (rescue sinners) (Luke 19:10); (2 Cor 5:19). Sin could not be swept under the cosmic rug nor could it be overlooked without God appearing unrighteous or being looked upon as being a liar, Sin will be punished, God is a loving Father, but at the same time He is a Just Judge. God’s righteousness was called into question concerning why He allowed so many sins in the past to go unpunished. Was God righteous in letting so many sins in the Old Testament go unpunished like David and Bathsheba for instance? The answer to this question is found in these verses (Rom 3: 25-26).
God refrained from fully condemning sin from Adam to this day because He would demonstrate both His love and His hatred of sin through Christ the Eternal Son of God. Christ the Eternal Son willingly absorbed in His own body the wrath due our sins so that we could be reconciled to God. When we look at the cross we should see how terrible our rebellion against God is, and that sin cannot go unpunished. Those who refuse God’s infinite love displayed in Christ’s life, death, and resurrection will face God’s wrath in the future. The beauty of God’s grace shines brightly in the substituionary life, death, and resurrection of Christ for our sins. (John 3:17) For God did not send his son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world would be saved through him.

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